在这一讲中大家要谈的话题是：globalisation－全球化问题。
世界经济的全球化进程可以说天天都在悄悄地展开，使各国和各区域的经济愈加密切地结合在一块。那样，经济学家们对经济全球化有哪些怎么看？全球化的进程是由什么力量推进的？它对各国经济的进步有哪些积极和消极的影响呢？
在这一讲和下一讲中大家就要对这类问题作一些初步的探讨。
第一大家来听一段澳广金融节目主持人巴里克拉克关于全球化问题的谈话：
few days go by without a mention of globalisation in the media. whilst we are all aware that globalisation is affecting our lives, our attitudes to it differ widely.
for some, globalisation is the way to a better future, offering gains through specialisation according to comparative advantage and an opportunity for developing countries to raise their living standards.
on the other hand, critics hold globalisation responsible for a variety of social problems: for high unemployment in the industrialised world, for pressure on wage levels and for the present instability in financial markets.
巴里克拉克在谈话中提到如此一个词组：
comparative advantage 相对优势 － 这是英国古典经济学家大卫李嘉图提出的国际分工原则中的一个定义，即各国出口生产本钱比其它国家低的商品，由于他们在这类商品上拥有相对优势。
巴里克拉克还用了如此一些词语：
1 living standard 生活质量2 social problems 社会问题3 instability 不稳定，动荡
下面大家分段听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话和中文翻译：（英文略）
新闻媒介几乎天天都会提到全球化。尽管大家都意识到全球化影响了大家的生活，但大家对全球化的怎么看却相去甚远。
有的人觉得，全球化是通向愈加美好将来的渠道，通过相对优势论达成的专业化生产使各国获利，同时也为进步中国家提供了提升生活质量的机会。
其次，持批评怎么看的人觉得全球化导致了一系列的社会问题，如工业化各国的高失业率、薪资水平遭到的重压与现在金融市场的不稳定等等。
下面大家再完整听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话。（略）
那样到底是什么原因推进了全球化进程的飞速发展呢？澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学市场学系主任菲茨罗伊教授觉得，通讯和交通成本的减少是主要的原因：
in 1945, if you had wanted to fly from melbourne to london it would have cosplayt you something like two years average industrial wages. if you want to do that in the late 1990s, it will cosplayt you about three weeks average industrial wage. so there's been an enormous decline in transport cosplayt.
what that means is that it maybe cheaper to produce a good in, let's say, the united kingdom and ship it to australia, rather than to produce it in australia. so it changes the fundamental economics of the industry.
another development that facilitates globalisation is the rise of communications. historically again, distance has been a major impediment to the co-ordination and management of organisations. with the tremendous developments in both computing1 and communications, cosplayt has really declined substantially. again, quoting some data, in 1930 a phone call from new york to london cosplayt something of the order of $300, today it cosplayts something like a dollar.
